#include <atomic>
#ifndef _POWELLCS440
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>

#define todo(msg)                                                              \
  std::cerr << msg << std::endl;                                               \
  assert(false);

namespace cs440 {
using counter = std::atomic<std::size_t>;
class Control {
  counter count;

  virtual void destroy() = 0;

public:
  Control() : count{1} {};
  void decrement() {
    count--;
    if (count == 0) {
      this->destroy();
    }
  }
  void increment() { count++; }
  virtual ~Control() = default;
};
template <typename T> class ControlImpl : public Control {
  T *val;
  void destroy() override {
    // std::cerr << this << '\t' << val << std::endl;
    //  delete val;
    //  delete this;
  }

public:
  ControlImpl(T *v) : Control{}, val{v} {}
  ~ControlImpl() = default;
};
template <typename T> class SharedPtr {
  T *raw;
  Control *underlying;

public:
  template <typename U> friend class SharedPtr;
  // typename U meaning a type which inherits from T
  SharedPtr() : raw{nullptr}, underlying{nullptr} {}

  template <typename U> explicit SharedPtr(U *p) {
    this->raw = p;
    this->underlying = new ControlImpl<U>(p);
  }

  SharedPtr(const SharedPtr &p) : raw{p.raw}, underlying{p.underlying} {
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->increment();
    }
  }
  template <typename U>
  SharedPtr(const SharedPtr<U> &p) : raw{p.raw}, underlying{p.underlying} {
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->increment();
    }
  }

  SharedPtr(SharedPtr &&p) : raw{p.raw}, underlying{p.underlying} {
    p.raw = nullptr;
    p.underlying = nullptr;
  };
  template <typename U>
  SharedPtr(SharedPtr<U> &&p) : raw{p.raw}, underlying{p.underlying} {
    p.raw = nullptr;
    p.underlying = nullptr;
  }

  // needs to handle self assignment
  SharedPtr &operator=(const SharedPtr &rhs) {
    if (this->underlying == rhs.underlying) {
      return *this;
    }
    this->raw = rhs.raw;
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->decrement();
    }
    this->underlying = rhs.underlying;
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->increment();
    }
    return *this;
  }
  template <typename U> SharedPtr<T> &operator=(const SharedPtr<U> &rhs) {
    if (this->underlying == rhs.underlying) {
      return *this;
    }
    this->raw = rhs.raw;
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->decrement();
    }
    this->underlying = rhs.underlying;
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->increment();
    }
    return *this;
  }

  SharedPtr &operator=(SharedPtr &&rhs) {
    if (this == &rhs) {
      return *this;
    }
    this->raw = rhs.raw;
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->decrement();
    }
    this->underlying = rhs.underlying;
    rhs.raw = nullptr;
    rhs.underlying = nullptr;
  }
  template <typename U> SharedPtr &operator=(SharedPtr<U> &&rhs) {
    if (this == &rhs) {
      return *this;
    }
    this->raw = rhs.raw;
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->decrement();
    }
    this->underlying = rhs.underlying;
    rhs.raw = nullptr;
    rhs.underlying = nullptr;
  }
  ~SharedPtr() {
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->decrement();
    }
  }

  void reset() {
    this->raw = nullptr;
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->decrement();
    }
    this->underlying = nullptr;
  }
  template <typename U> void reset(U *p) {
    this->raw = p;
    if (this->underlying != nullptr) {
      this->underlying->decrement();
    }
    this->underlying = new ControlImpl<U>(p);
  }
  T *get() const { return this->raw; }
  T &operator*() const { return *this->get(); }
  T *operator->() const { return this->get(); }
  explicit operator bool() const { return this->raw; }
  template <typename U>
  friend bool operator==(const SharedPtr<T> &lhs, const SharedPtr<U> &rhs) {
    return lhs.raw == rhs.raw;
  }
  friend bool operator==(const SharedPtr<T> &lhs, std::nullptr_t) {
    return lhs.raw == nullptr;
  }
  friend bool operator==(std::nullptr_t, const SharedPtr<T> &rhs) {
    return nullptr == rhs.raw;
  }
  // template <typename T1, typename T2>
  // friend bool operator!=(const SharedPtr<T1> &lhs, const SharedPtr<T2> &rhs)
  // {
  //   return lhs.raw != rhs.raw;
  // }
  // friend bool operator!=(const SharedPtr<T> &lhs, std::nullptr_t) {
  //   return lhs.raw != nullptr;
  // }
  // friend bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t, const SharedPtr<T> &rhs) {
  //   return nullptr != rhs.raw;
  // }
  template <typename U>
  friend SharedPtr<T> static_pointer_cast(const SharedPtr<U> &sp) {
    SharedPtr<T> ret{};
    ret.raw = static_cast<T *>(sp.raw);
    ret.underlying = sp.underlying;
  }
  template <typename U>
  friend SharedPtr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast(const SharedPtr<U> &sp) {
    SharedPtr<T> ret{};
    ret.raw = dynamic_cast<T *>(sp.raw);
    ret.underlying = sp.underlying;
  }
};
} // namespace cs440
#endif